Welcome, teletext fanatics! I'll just leave this here...

Showing posts with label research. Show all posts
Showing posts with label research. Show all posts

Friday, 5 October 2007

A bit more about Viewdata

Viewdata is a Teletext style information retrieval implementation. Its development pre-dates Teletext's and runs on a phone line, much like the Internet, as opposed to Teletext which actually runs via televisions.

Originally the format required purpose built terminals but the medium has now, much like teletext in that respect, found its way to the Internet.

Thus the medium survives. Initially telephones would be used to navigate but the Internet and its associated input devices have superseded this.

Teletext and ARPANET

ARPANET was the world's first packet switching network, an early predecessor to the Internet. It was operated by the US Defense Department and worked by organising data into packets, formatted blocks of data for computer formats. It was installed at four locations: Stanford Research Institute, UCLA, University of California and University of Utah.

The system allowed people to send messages between users. The right hand image shows a written log of the first message sent via the network, an early form of e-mails. In fact, one of the timelines I was looking at mentioned the Queen sending an email in the 70s, which I thought strange. There is a perception the Internet was invented in the 90s, and in a way it was - the hypertext browser making data accessible from personal computers only came about in the early 1990s.

In actual fact, Teletext was pre-dated by ARPA. Developed in the late 1960s, it came about a decade before teletext was conceived. In 1970, the network went international, with a station in Norway being added along with one in Hawaii.

Around this time, the BBC had developed a close captioning service to be transmitted via televisions. Teletext, which arrived in 1973, broadcast the information for its service in between PAL transmission signals. It does require an encoder, although this became standard in the mid 90s with all televisions being fitted with this as standard. The Internet, as it is known today, would not become widely available and accessible until the 1990s.

Research from Wikipedia and previous blog posts.

Sunday, 20 May 2007

Some links

From Wikipedia:
Interactive TV
Enhanced TV and Media multitasking
Internet TV and Digital TV

Enhanced TV.com
Enhanced Tv at ensequence.com

Image above right: enhanced tv for a Gorillaz video on MTV.

Saturday, 12 May 2007

More ASCII art



Above: a couple of screenshots from ASCII Art Generator in action. Needs to be unlocked for full features such as copy and save as.

This site is more limited but provides an online auto logo generator.

Above image created with MacOSaiX, a piece of software that can be used to create mosaics.

Tuesday, 8 May 2007

Demoscene

Demoscene

This is a computer art subculture specialising in demos, non-interactive digital presentations. These have been present since the 8-bit computing era of the 1970s, first appearing on the Commodore and Spectrum systems. Began as software 'cracking' where people would hack into the codes of games to produce alternative outcomes.

The aesthetic of demos can often be quite retro, harking back to the era of pixellated graphics, such as in this example from 1995:

The above movie also incorporates explanatory text alongside the typically 90s graphic styling.The below one, (mainly a musical piece) however, is more reminiscent of 80s computer graphics:


Modern day demos use patched/modded videogames for repurposing of existing games with level editors etc. Machinima is a good example of this. It is part of a wider range of mediums within the grounping 'video game art' which involves painting, sculpture and appropration amongst other things.

Monday, 7 May 2007

Some links

About Jodi's Teletext series - "Bastard-ASCII"
Teletext telesoftware
A piece about Digital TV
Early days of Teletext - Brief history of early years of teletext. Loads of text art.
Teletext shows the way

ASCII Art - history

Art Typing, Nathan Krevolin, 1962 - excerpts
http://www.textfiles.com/art/texthistory.txt
http://hem1.passagen.se/haakshem/asciians.html
http://www.doheth.co.uk/funny/google.php

The text file in the first link, created in 1999, briefly examines the history of imagery as text, citing the hieroglyphics used by Ancient Egyptians to communicate. It makes reference to a 1950's artwork by Korean Gwang Hyuk Lee made up of text from the "Book of John". An image of this is shown right.

In the early 20th Century, "calligrams", that is, utiilising shaped text in visual word poems, became popular. Most of the ASCII art is from Krevolin's book and there is mention of teletyping, a forerunner to the ASCII format. EBCDIC was another competitor for the standard encoding on computers, but in the end, ASCII, a code by ANSI (American National Standards Institute) won out. ANSI code is essentially ASCII.

Early ASCII art was spread via e-mail, bulletin boards and other online activities, such as in MUDs (Multi User Dungeons). This page from the earlier days of the Internet explains ASCII art briefly and a number of 'artpacks' to download. The site's design is also typical of the early days of the Internet, being rather primitive with jagged, brightly coloured graphics.

"Microsoft declared ASCII art "dead" in June of 1998. Why? I'm not sure. But I would guess that Microsoft is encouraging people to use GIF and JPG graphics -- of course, with their software."

Whilst there is no doubt ASCII and ANSI art is on the decline somewhat in comparison to the early Internet, I would tend to disagree with this - it seems to be sensationalism on Bill Gates' part. Maybe because of its synonymous links with the Internet as well as its existence as a creative and distinctive artform, the medium survives today.

Sunday, 6 May 2007

ASCII Art - a brief introduction

Wikipedia Entry
History of ASCII art

Relying mainly on computers for presentation, ASCII art is an artistic medium making images from piecing together any of the 92 (of the available 128) characters in various combinations. Prominent in the early days of the Internet due to its low file size in comparison to images, people would map out pictoral representations using ASCII art as a more customisable, compatible alternative to images.

Today, the medium is used for more elaborate creations such as webs comics, as in this example, animations, as demonstrated here and even desktop art (example here). In the example above right, some block ASCII is shown in two different font sets, demonstrating the slight difference across formats. This makes it less compatible than photographs with regards to consistency. The block method, however, allows for more intricate and smoother-looking art whilst retaining the jagged edged pixellated look characteristic of the medium.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII_stereogram

ASCII stereograms, meanwhile, attempt to recreate 3D effects using ASCII. These can be compared to early computer games and their fascination with achieving a pseudo-3D effect using minimal polygons. Taking simple data from an ordinary stereogram, these are converted into the lower-res format for ease of transmission.

Wednesday, 2 May 2007

Teletext - up to date for the 21st Century

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umk-9CdPNg4
Uploader's comment:
New ad campaign for Teletext: inspired. Standing for simplicity in an age of info, noise and overload is a great idea, and I love the football commentators... Also a nifty reworking of Trio's 1982 hit "Da Da Da"

Factor in the new look, very purple, website and this advert is in contrast to the 1975 one shown in the previous post and the differences in timespan are evident. Albeit embracing a different medium in presentation (TV advert, as opposed to an information leaflet), the focus here is on simplicity and getting across the bare facts in a world of sometimes too much information. The focus in the previous ad is on immediacy of information at a time that is convenient to the user. Whilst this is still an effective selling point of the modern teletext service it is evidently not a priority what with the Internet being the primary competition. This seems to be a factor which sees teletext survive today, albeit in its adapted, Digital TV format.


Meanwhile, this video concentrates on the use of a teletext service via the Internet as its primary use. It's in a foreign language but it the rough message is transmitted.

Early advertising - Information at your fingertips

http://teletext.mb21.co.uk/timeline/flyer79.shtml
Just an interesting little information flyer from the early days of teletext, advertising a television receiver:


A few interesting and/or relevant observations:
The flyer states that to access the information, the user must first enter the number of the desired page, preceded by a 'p' button for 'page'. This seems to have died out since as it is rare today to see a teletext interface work this way. This could be said to be 'evolution', weeding out extra button presses in favour of ease and quickness of use.

"Teletext is transmitted through a regular 16 hour viewing day" - this is in contrast to today's 24-hour broadcasts of the service. Maybe they needed to switch off the service to give it a rest.

The article makes note that the service is in full-colour, something that would be a given today. However it's not really full colour, but limited to the teletext colour palette.

The whole language used is one of excitement and the innovative capabilities of this shiny new service, which "Immediacy is a major feature of... you get the information when you want it, not at pre-set times."

Teletext and the Internet - C4 information services

Planet Sound - http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/thewow/teleindex.htm
Digitiser
The Mega-Zine - http://www.vegetablerevolution.com/
Teletext category
Links from Wikipedia

Some elements of teletext become so popular that they make the transition from a large teletext 'community' to a credible Internet one. The above examples, all from Channel 4's Teletext service, developed a cult following on the teletext format and, with the traditional format's decline, the Internet serves to continue the 'legacy' they have left. In the case of Mega-Zine, it was taken from the broadcast before being 'brought back by popular demand' but only on the Digital format of the medium - Teletext Digital.

Planet Sound still exists, for now, but the inevitable rise of the Internet could see the web-based version of the service overtake the original, despite fervent interest from 'hard-core' traditionalists. It provides a music news service that is actually quite detailed for the format, even though the traditional method of condensing the info down into more 'managebale' chunks is still employed.

Pic from Myfirstairport.com.

A couple of small things

A teletext timeline
http://teletext.mb21.co.uk/timeline/

It has been suggested that maybe a timeline/wallchart could be one possible outcome for the ersearch project. Perhaps this could be transposed into a more Teletext-esque format for presentation.

Five text
Just a few screen grabs from one of my favourite teletext services, design-wise.
On 31-Dec-2001 the contract for the main teletext service carried by Channel 5 expired and the ancillary service on magazine 5 was revamped.



Note the animated Gif showing the advertisements switching between frames, one possible conversion of the format for the web. Pro - remains faithful to the original format, is quicker. Con - not really interactive - no hold button.

Analogue shutdown

http://www.transdiffusion.org/emc/bitstream/terrestrial/shutdown.php
http://freespace.virgin.net/john.cletheroe/freeview/faq.htm

A couple of questions concerning teletext and/or its functionalities in the forthcoming analogue shutdown, from the Freeview FAQ link above:

Does Freeview have subtitles?
The font used for subtitles on most Freeview boxes is superior to that used for Ceefax and Teletext on most analogue televisions. However, Freeview lacks mix mode, so subtitles are always displayed on a black rectangular background. That makes them easier to read, but more distracting for other viewers.
...
Because subtitles are added to the picture by the Freeview box, they will be recorded by a VCR, provided they are enabled at the time when the recording is made.


What provision is there for regional variations on Freeview?
BBCi, the BBC's digital text system, does not appear to be regionalised yet, judging by its television schedule listings.
Teletext on Freeview channel 100 is fully regionalised.


The first of these displays one or two elements that will be lost from the traditional teletext system. The 'mix' mode, whilst debatably useless, was a hallmark of teletext upon its inception. However nowadays there is less use for this function apart from with subtitles. Maybe in time this will be incorporated into the newer digital boxes but at least in my opinion the white text on the black background is far easier to read, despite its obstruction of more of the viewing area.

The second point made in the first question is recordability. Whereas previously people would have to purchase a special decoder to connect to a VCR in order to record subtitles, the overlay of pictures on Freeview (in this case) means it will be possible to tape with an ordinary VCR or a DVD recorder.

Finally, the second question adresses the problem of regional teletext. It is expected that this will be developed in the future, but for now, all services are merged into one and navigation between regions is made via an area selection page.

The Death of Teletext?
Finally, a screenshot which will become more and more familiar over the coming few years:

A few links

Maybe I will follow some of these up. A couple of artists in the style of Jenny Holzer.

Martin Firrell, media artist.
http://www.martinfirrell.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Firrell

Barbara Kruger, photographer, text artist
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Kruger
http://www.eng.fju.edu.tw/Literary_Criticism/feminism/kruger/kruger.htm

Artist research - Carola Unterberger-Probst

Carola Unterberger-Probst
Artist's website
Wikipedia entry

Unterberger is an Austrian digital artist who has worked in many mediums, including teletext itself. Framed is a piece of pixel art created as recently as 2006. Perhaps this is evidence that, particularly on the continent, teletext thrives.

The piece is more likely an allusion to 'retro' art, a homage to 70's primitive digital technology, as hinted at on its info page:

"framed is a teletext art work and rediscovers something that is being torn apart from the topdown" -- Artist's website

This would at least show that the medium is still in the public consciousness, even if the popularity of it could be seen as waning.

PDF Version of 'Framed'

As well as imagery as shown in the picture to the right, the piece rotates through three frames and includes pieces of lyrical poetry. These, according to the artist herself, allude to teletext 'aesthetic, TV channels and TV culture'.

Framed page 2

This was an info page included with the main piece explaining it in the Teletext format itself. What is interesting about this websites reproduction of this format is the attempt to convert it to the web format. This could be something I may consider for my final website - perhaps an homage to the layout but adapted for the web.

In the 'art' section there are some scrambled screens that scrub through random generations of pixels and ASCII characters in much the same way as jodi's piece at text.jodi.org.

Tuesday, 1 May 2007

Jenny Holzer - more resource points

http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.02/holzer.html
http://www.guggenheimcollection.org/site/artist_work_md_65_1s.html
"I'm always trying to bring unusual content to a different audience - a non-art-world audience." -- Holzer

The piece commented on here is a 1989 installation for the Guggenheim Museum. This was a retrospective of her previous works, bringing together many statements used, both personal and political. They were projected onto a spiralling electronic board played to an 'insistent but silent' beat.

This particular piece was slightly different in that whereas her other works were inserted into public places, this was actually placed inside a museum, where, as one of the articles linked to above mentions, people are more likely to be aware of the messages the piece is trying to convey. In this way it is taken slightly out of context from her usual works.

http://www.artnet.com/artwork/424325815/253/jenny-holzer-inflammatory-essays-purple.html

Nevertheless the piece is still powerful - the textual element being an important element, the presentation an accessory. Her 'Inflammatory Essays' series is much like this in that the text is the focal point - her 'truisms' invoking differing emotional responses. Here, they are placed one after the other in an essay format in a similar way to Moody's text piece. Influenced by Trotsky and Hitler amongst others, the medium is merely a way of implanting the message into the public arena.

That said, the purple background and italicised capital text has an impact in itself, almost as if you have to get up close to the words to read them properly, inviting people to look. This is, in some ways, reminiscent of some parts of early teletext with their slightly clashing, pre-Internet accepted colour schemes.


Truisms, Museum of Contemporary Art, La Jolla

Monday, 30 April 2007

Jenny Holzer - brief intro

Art at the Turn of the Millennium, Taschen
Holzer Wikipedia entry

A 'text artist', Holzer uses the structures of mass media to "smuggle messages into the public arena". Taking the form of pointed one liners projected onto such public spaces as the large screen in Times Square, New York, her work, according to the artist herself, revolves around 'Sex, death and war'.

It is these one-liners that interest me. Often they can be loaded with meaning, as the aforementioned artist quote hints at, such as in the Survival series (1983-1985). Quotes such as "Men Don't protect you anymore" and "Protect me from what I want" are often militant in approach and were splattered on billboards around the city.


Selections from Truisms, 1977 onwards

Friday, 27 April 2007

Project direction

At this point I felt it might be good to reassess where I am with regards to having a solid idea for a research project. I think that at the moment, the concept is developing quite well as I undertake more and more research into the subject. The jodi stuff really impressed me, as did Arcangel's work, although this is more of a video game pixel graphics thing. Perhaps it will transpire that I will look at different media that utilise this pixel graphic style:

> Teletext
> Video Games (8-bit)
> Early Internet and Internet Art

All of these would be constantly compared to Teletext and how they differ as mediums, including their strengths and weaknesses as methods of communication, in particular as artistic mediums. This has been explored in more detail in a previous post but I just wanted to reinforce and refresh what I propose to look into for this project. I actually already have something of a firm grounding with regards to initial research and could probably mock something up with regards to textual content.

Possible mediums

> A weblog - possible or will this be necessary as a 'side' thing?
> A dissertation - classic style. May be best for my writing style but will it really be as interesting?
> A website. Design aspects would be in the pixel graphic style. I like designing sites so this would be interesting.
> "Teletext cast" via the Internet. Research presented in teletext format. Would have to find out more about the possibilities of creating my own teletext pages. Problems - loading times etc. May not be too bad if this was a supplementary part of the project and the main bulk of the work was done in another medium.
> A video blog/podcast. Getting hands on and producing actual aural accounts of my findings, conversational style? More of a documentary/experiment like the MySpace idea?

Minitel

http://www.beotech.co.uk/minitel.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minitel
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3142862.stm

The more interactive cousin of Teletext, Minitel was an early computer system that, via telephone lines, could communicate with stores to buy products, access an online telephone book and even chat in much the same way as text messaging today. This was truly the Internet before its time, all in a similar encoding to teletext.

Left is a screenshot from the Minitel service that, visually, resembles the teletext service in the United Kingdom. Launched in 1982, about five years after teletext, it had the advantage of time and advancing of technology. The keyboard interface offers many more possibilities, though it seems from this screenshot the menus are controlled by numbers much like an electronic automated telephone service.

Much like 8-bit video games and the early Internet, the legacy of the Minitel system is largely kept alive today by the Internet. Below is a screenshot from the emulation version from minitel.fr.


Jodi.org

http://www.jodi.org/

Jodi is a collective of artists founded in the late 1980s by a group of European new media artists. Their early work often used this tactic of mimicking computer glitches and viruses as an aesthetic or humorous device. Today it is run on the Internet by Joan Heemskerk and Dirk Paesmans and, whilst still conceptual, encompasses imagery and moving image to generate artwork.

Jodi's blogs
http://blogspot.jodi.org/

Jodi's art blog may seem like a load of random gibberish but this is in fact a reflection, or even an extension, of their ASCII artwork. It's actually quite fun to navigate around because you never know what will happen when you click a link - you may get a 404 error message which links directly to a page of random keyboard mashing or something like this, which looks as though it has been corrupted or something with all the elements moving around on screen in an unnatural fashion.

Text
http://text.jodi.org/

Meanwhile, the text pages of jodi.org are reminiscent of corrupted teletext pages with a poor reception. I've always admired the random quality of these scrambled pages, auto generative artworks in their own right. An idea for a future project may be to create a random gibberish generator in the style of these teletext pages. Click various part of the page to navigate through the various pages (over 100) of keyboard mashing and text fragments from broken files.

Environments
http://sod.jodi.org/

Here one can download a copy of the deconstructed version of Return to Castle Wolfenstein. I wonder if I could produce something like this in Flash? If so, a 3D interactive environment might be good and challenging to create. The black and white environment can often be hard to navigate but from an aesthetic point of view looks good in a corrupted, bizarre way.

Wrong Browser.com
http://www.wrongbrowser.com/

This simulates a broken browser. Seemingly created in Flash, one can interact by moving around various draggable windows of different colours. Moving them to different areas or typing in text of the screen triggers weird occurrences such as the background changing colour or a flood of text that descends onto the screen. There are also different versions which typify different regions' web sites, such as .co.jp, which has vertical text that reads as though it has been turned 90 degrees.

I like the aesthetic of these pieces and there's something about them that appeals to me. Perhaps it's the knowledge that my computer is not actually experiencing problems and one can revel in the strangely appealing visual representations offered by computer glitches. If I could transpose some of these to an environment and project them onto a video screen I feel I could really immerse the visitor.